3.2. ソースインストール （Linux、Unix）

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This page is a DRAFT! The contants of this page are not complete and might contain errors. You may consult this page which contains more credible information: Book:OTRS 3.0 - Admin Manual/Chapter 3/2

ソースインストールの準備作業

OTRS をソースからインストールする場合は、まず最初に .tar.gz、.tar.bz2 または .zip ファイル形式のソースアーカイブを http://www.otrs.org/downloads/ からダウンロードします。

アーカイブをディレクトリ /opt に解凍し、ディレクトリ名を otrs-3.0 から otrs に変更します。 tar 形式のアーカイブの例を以下に示します （スクリプト 3.4 参照）。

linux:/opt# tar xf /tmp/otrs-3.0.tar.gz
linux:/opt# mv otrs-3.0 otrs
linux:/opt# ls
otrs
linux:/opt#

OTRS を root 権限で動作させるべきではありません。 そこで次にすべきことは、OTRS 用に新規ユーザを作成することです。 この新規ユーザのホームディレクトリは /opt/otrs でなければなりません。 Web サーバが新規 'otrs' ユーザと同じユーザ権限で動作しているのでなければ （ほとんどのシステムでは動作していないでしょう）、新規 'otrs' ユーザを Web サーバユーザグループに追加します （スクリプト 3.5 参照）。

linux:/opt# useradd -r -d /opt/otrs/ -c 'OTRS user' otrs
linux:/opt# usermod -G nogroup otrs
linux:/opt#

次に、サンプル設定ファイルをコピーします。 後の段階でシステムはこの複写した設定ファイルを使用します。 複写元ファイルの拡張子は .dist で、ディレクトリ /opt/otrs/Kernel と /opt/otrs/Kernel/Config にあります （スクリプト 3.6 参照）。

linux:/opt# cd otrs/Kernel/
linux:/opt/otrs/Kernel# cp Config.pm.dist Config.pm
linux:/opt/otrs/Kernel# cd Config
linux:/opt/otrs/Kernel/Config# cp GenericAgent.pm.dist GenericAgent.pm

OTRS インストール準備作業の最後のステップは、全てのファイルに正しいアクセス権を設定することです。 この作業は、'otrs' ユーザのホームディレクトリ配下の bin ディレクトリにある、スクリプト otrs.SetPermissions.pl を使用して行います。 このスクリプトは以下のパラメータを設定して実行します:

otrs.SetPermissions.pl { OTRS ユーザのホームディレクトリ } { --otrs-user= OTRS ユーザ } { --web-user= Web サーバユーザ } [ --otrs-group= OTRS ユーザのグループ ] [ --web-group= Web サーバユーザのグループ ]

もしシステムの Web サーバがユーザ 'otrs' と同じ権限で動作している場合は、正しいアクセス権を設定するコマンドは otrs.SetPermissions.pl /opt/otrs --otrs-user=otrs --web-user=otrs となります。 SUSE システムでは Web サーバは ’wwwrun' ユーザの権限で動作しています。 Debian 系のシステムでは 'www-data' です。 従って正しいアクセス権を設定するコマンドは、例えば otrs.SetPermissions.pl /opt/otrs --otrs-user=otrs --web-user=wwwrun --otrs-group=nogroup --web-group=www のようになります。

Perl モジュールのインストール

OTRS が動作するためには、表 3-1 に示す Perl モジュールを追加インストールする必要があります。 OTRS をソースからインストールする場合には、これらのモジュールを手作業でインストールする必要があります。 このインストールは、Linux ディストリビューションのパッケージマネージャ （yast や apt-get 等） を使用するか、または本セクションで説明する、Perl シェルと CPAN を使用するやり方で行います。 例えば Windows 用の ActiveState Perl を使用する場合は、組み込み Perl パッケージマネージャの PPM を使用します。 もし可能であれば、パッケージマネージャを使用することを推奨します。

otrs.CheckModules.pl でインストールする必要のあるモジュールを確認できます。 このスクリプトは 'otrs' ユーザホームディレクトリ配下の bin ディレクトリにあります （スクリプト 3.7 を参照）。

いくつかのモジュールのインストールはオプションであることに注意してください。

linux:~# cd /opt/otrs/bin/
linux:/opt/otrs/bin# ./otrs.CheckModules.pl
   o CGI............................ok (v3.49)
   o Crypt::PasswdMD5...............ok (v1.3)
   o CSS::Minifier..................ok (v0.01)
   o Date::Format...................ok (v2.24)
   o Date::Pcalc....................ok (v1.2)
   o DBI............................ok (v1.609)
   o DBD::mysql.....................ok (v4.013)
   o Digest::MD5....................ok (v2.36_01)
   o Encode::HanExtra...............ok (v0.23)
   o GD.............................ok (v2.44)
      o GD::Text....................ok (v0.86)
      o GD::Graph...................ok (v1.44)
      o GD::Graph::lines............ok (v1.15)
      o GD::Text::Align.............ok (v1.18)
   o IO::Scalar.....................ok (v2.110)
   o IO::Wrap.......................ok (v2.110)
   o JavaScript::Minifier...........ok (v1.05)
   o JSON...........................ok (v2.21)
      o JSON::PP....................ok (v2.27003)
      o JSON::XS....................Not installed! (Optional - Install it for faster AJAX/JavaScript handling.)
   o LWP::UserAgent.................ok (v5.829)
   o Mail::Internet.................ok (v2.06)
   o Mail::POP3Client...............ok (v2.18 )
      o IO::Socket::SSL.............ok (v1.31)
   o MIME::Base64...................ok (v3.07_01)
   o MIME::Tools....................ok (v5.428)
   o Net::DNS.......................ok (v0.65)
   o Net::POP3......................ok (v2.29)
   o Net::IMAP::Simple..............ok (v1.1916)
      o Net::IMAP::Simple::SSL......ok (v1.3)
   o Net::SMTP......................ok (v2.31)
      o Authen::SASL................ok (v2.15)
      o Net::SMTP::SSL..............ok (v1.01)
   o Net::LDAP......................ok (v0.4001)
   o PDF::API2......................ok (v0.73)
      o Compress::Zlib..............ok (v2.008)
   o SOAP::Lite.....................ok (v0.712)
   o Text::CSV......................ok (v1.18)
      o Text::CSV_PP................ok (v1.26)
      o Text::CSV_XS................Not installed! (Optional - Optional, install it for faster CSV handling.)
   o XML::Parser....................ok (v2.36)
linux:/opt/otrs/bin#

You should strive to install the missing modules from your Linux distribution's package management system. In that way, the packages will be automatically updated when new versions are available or when security issues are found. Please refer to your distribution's documentation on how to install additional packages. If the (correct version of) the module is not available from the package repositories, you can also install from CPAN, the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network.

To install one of the modules from above via CPAN, you have to execute the command perl -e shell -MCPAN. The Perl shell will be started in interactive mode and the CPAN module will be loaded. If CPAN is already configured, you can install the modules with the command install followed by the name of the module. CPAN takes care of the dependencies of a module to other Perl modules and will let you know if other modules are needed.

Execute also the two commands perl -cw bin/cgi-bin/index.pl and perl -cw bin/otrs.PostMaster.pl after changing into the directory /opt/otrs. If the output of both commands is "syntax OK", your Perl is properly set up (see Script 3.8 below).

linux:~# cd /opt/otrs
linux:/opt/otrs# perl -cw bin/cgi-bin/index.pl
cgi-bin/installer.pl syntax OK
linux:/opt/otrs# perl -cw bin/otrs.PostMaster.pl
otrs.PostMaster.pl syntax OK
linux:/opt/otrs#

Configuring the Apache web server

This section describes the basic configuration of the Apache web server with mod_cgi for OTRS. The web server should be able to execute CGI scripts. OTRS won't work if the Perl scripts cannot be parsed. Check the configuration files of your web server, and search for the line that loads the CGI module. If you see something like the following, the CGI module should already be in use.

LoadModule cgi_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_cgi.so

To access the web interface of OTRS conveniently via a short address, Alias and ScriptAlias entries are needed. Most Apache installations have a conf.d directory included. On Linux systems you can find this directory very often under /etc/apache or /etc/apache2. Log in as root, change to the conf.d directory and copy the appropriate template in /opt/otrs/scripts/apache2-httpd.include.conf to a file called otrs.conf in the Apache configuration directory.

Restart your web server to load the new configuration settings. On most systems you can start/restart your web server with the command /etc/init.d/apache2 restart (see Script 3.11 below).

linux:/etc/apache2/conf.d# /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
Forcing reload of web server: Apache2.
linux:/etc/apache2/conf.d#

Now your web server should be configured for OTRS.

If you choose to increase performance and you can install mod_perl, then you can leave mod_cgi off, and configure the Apache web server for use with mod_perl, in the following manner:

Please ensure that mod_perl is installed and loaded, in order to take advantage of this feature. Due to the nature of the start-up script, your server will not fail to start if mod_perl is not properly loaded or compiled in your apache web server, unless mod_cgi is also on. Technically speaking you can leave mod_cgi on as well, but you should not.

Search your /etc/apache* directory for mod_perl.so (see Script 3.12 below) to see if the module is already loaded.

 #:/ grep -Rn mod_perl.so /etc/apache*

When you use the appropriate start script listed above and the module is loaded, the script (when commented in) /opt/otrs/scripts/apache2-perl-startup.pl can be used to load the perl modules into memory one time, saving on load times and increasing performance.

Configuring the database

The simple way - Using the web installer (works only with MySQL)

If you use MySQL as the database back-end, you can use the OTRS web installer:

http://localhost/otrs/installer.pl

When the web installer starts, please follow the next steps to setup your system:

1. Check out the information about the OTRS offices and click on next to continue (see Figure 3.1 below).
   
   
   

   Figure 3.1. Welcome screen.

   
   

2. Read the GNU Affero General Public License (see Figure 3.2 below) and accept it, by clicking the corresponding button at the bottom of the page.
   
   
   

   Figure 3.2. GNU Affero General Public License.

   
   

3. Provide the username and password of the administrator, the DNS name of the computer which hosts OTRS and the type of database system to be used. After that, check the settings (see Figure 3.3 below).
   
   
   

   Figure 3.3. Database initial settings.

   
   If the checking was successful, you will get a notification. Press OK to continue (see Figure 3.4 below).
   
   

   

   Figure 3.4. Successful checking notification.

   
   

4. Create a new database user, choose a name for the database and click on next (see Figure 3.5 below).
   
   

   It is never a good idea to use default passwords. Please change the default password for the OTRS database!

   
   

   

   Figure 3.5. Database settings.

   
   If the database and its user were successfully created, you will get a setup notification, as shown in the Figure 3.6. Click next to go to the next screen.
   
   

   

   Figure 3.6. Successfully database setup notification.

   
   

5. Provide all the required system settings and click next (see Figure 3.7 below).
   
   
   

   Figure 3.7. System settings.

   
   

6. If you want, you can provide the needed data to configure your inbound and outbound mail or skip this step by pressing the right button at the bottom of the screen (see Figure 3.8 below).
   
   
   

   Figure 3.8. Mail configuration.

   
   

7. Restart the OTRS service now, to use the new configuration settings shown in the Script 3.13.

   linux:~ # rcotrs restart-force Shutting down OTRS Disable /opt/otrs/bin/otrs.PostMaster.pl ... done. no crontab for otrs Shutting down cronjobs ... failed! Shutting down OTRS (completely) Shutting down Apache ... done. Shutting down MySQL ... done. done Starting OTRS (completely) Starting Apache ... done. Starting MySQL ... done. Starting OTRS Checking Apache ... done. Checking MySQL ... done. Checking database connect... (It looks Ok!). Enable /opt/otrs/bin/otrs.PostMaster.pl ... done. Checking otrs spool dir... done. Creating cronjobs (source /opt/otrs/var/cron/*) ... done. -->> http://linux.example.com/otrs/index.pl <<-- done done linux:~ #

   Script 3.13. Restarting the OTRS service.

8. Congratulations! Now the installation of OTRS is finished and you should be able to work with the system (see Figure 3.9 below). To log into the web interface of OTRS, use the address http://localhost/otrs/index.pl in your web browser. Log in as OTRS administrator, using the username root@localhost and the password root. After that you can configure the system for your needs.

   Please change the password for the root@localhost account as soon as possible.

   

   Figure 3.9. Final steps to install OTRS.

   
   

Installing the OTRS database manually

If you can't use the web installer to setup the OTRS database, you have to set it up manually. Scripts with the SQL statements to create and configure the database are located in scripts/database, in the home directory of the OTRS user (see Script 3.14 below).

linux:~# cd /opt/otrs/scripts/database/
linux:/opt/otrs/scripts/database# ls
otrs-initial_insert.db2.sql         otrs-schema.mysql.sql
otrs-schema.oracle.sql
otrs-initial_insert.mssql.sql       otrs-schema-post.db2.sql
otrs-initial_insert.mysql.sql       otrs-schema.postgresql.sql
otrs-initial_insert.oracle.sql
otrs-initial_insert.postgresql.sql  otrs-schema-post.mssql.sql
otrs-initial_insert.xml             otrs-schema-post.mysql.sql
otrs-schema.db2.sql                 otrs-schema-post.oracle.sql
 otrs-schema-post.postgresql.sql
otrs-schema.mssql.sql               otrs-schema.xml
linux:/opt/otrs/scripts/database#

To setup the database for the different database back-ends the .sql files must be processed in a special order.

Create the OTRS database manually step by step

1. Creating the DB: Create the database, that you want to use for OTRS, with your database client or your database interface.
2. Creating the tables: With the otrs-schema.DatabaseType.sql files (e.g.. otrs-schema.oracle.sql, otrs-schema.postgresql.sql) you can create the tables in your OTRS database.
3. Inserting the initial system data: OTRS needs some initial system data to work properly (e.g. the different ticket states, ticket and notification types). Depending on the type of your database Use one of the files otrs-initial_insert.mysql.sql, otrs-initial_insert.db2.sql, otrs-initial_insert.oracle.sql, otrs-initial_insert.postgresql.sql or otrs-initial_insert.mssql.sql .
4. Creating references between tables: The last step is to create the references between the different tables in the OTRS database. Use the otrs-schema-post.DatabaseType.sql file to create these (e.g. otrs-schema-oracle.post.sql, otrs-schema-post.postgresql.sql).

After you have finished the database setup you should check and set proper access rights for the OTRS database. It should be enough to grant access to one user. Depending on the database server you are using, setting up the access rights differs, but it should be possible either with your database client or your graphical database front-end.

If your database and the access rights are configured properly, you have to tell OTRS which database back-end you want to use and how the ticket system can connect to the database. Open the file Kernel/Config.pm located in the home directory of the OTRS user and change the parameters shown in the Script 3.15 to your needs.

    # DatabaseHost
    # (The database host.)
    $Self->{'DatabaseHost'} = 'localhost';

    # Database
    # (The database name.)
    $Self->{Database} = 'otrs';

    # DatabaseUser
    # (The database user.)
    $Self->{DatabaseUser} = 'otrs';

    # DatabasePw
    # (The password of database user.)
    $Self->{DatabasePw} = 'some-pass';

Setting up the cron jobs for OTRS

OTRS needs some cron jobs to work properly. The cron jobs should be run with the same user rights that were specified for the OTRS modules. That means that the cron jobs must be inserted into the crontab file of the OTRS user.

All scripts with the cron jobs are located in var/cron, in the home directory of the OTRS user (see Script 3.16 below).

linux:~# cd /opt/otrs/var/cron
linux:/opt/otrs/var/cron# ls
aaa_base.dist                generic_agent.dist       rebuild_ticket_index.dist
cache.dist                   pending_jobs.dist        session.dist
fetchmail.dist               postmaster.dist          unlock.dist
generic_agent-database.dist  postmaster_mailbox.dist
linux:/opt/otrs/var/cron#

All scripts are ending in .dist. You should copy them to files with no ending. If you are using bash, you might want to use the command listed in Script 3.17 below.

linux:/opt/otrs/var/cron# for foo in *.dist; do cp $foo
`basename $foo .dist`; done
linux:/opt/otrs/var/cron# ls
aaa_base                generic_agent-database.dist  rebuild_ticket_index
aaa_base.dist           generic_agent.dist           rebuild_ticket_index.dist
cache                   pending_jobs                 session
cache.dist              pending_jobs.dist            session.dist
fetchmail               postmaster                   unlock
fetchmail.dist          postmaster.dist              unlock.dist
generic_agent           postmaster_mailbox
generic_agent-database  postmaster_mailbox.dist
linux:/opt/otrs/var/cron#

Table 3-2 describes the different cron jobs and what they do.

To setup all cron jobs the script bin/Cron.sh can be used, which is located in the home directory of the OTRS user. When this script is executed, it needs a parameter to tell if you want to install, remove or reinstall the cron jobs. The following parameters can be used:

Cron.sh { start } { stop } { restart } [ OTRS user ]

Because the cron jobs need to be installed in the crontab file of the OTRS user, you need to be logged in as OTRS user. If you are logged in as root, you can change to the OTRS user with the command su otrs. Execute the commands specified in the Script 3.18 below to install the cron jobs.

Please note that other crontab entries of the OTRS user will be overwritten or removed by the Cron.sh script. Please change the Cron.sh script to keep also other crontab entries if needed.

linux:/opt/otrs/var/cron# cd /opt/otrs/bin/
linux:/opt/otrs/bin# su otrs
linux:~/bin$ ./Cron.sh start
/opt/otrs/bin
Cron.sh - start/stop OTRS cronjobs
Copyright (C) 2001-2009 OTRS AG, http://otrs.org/
(using /opt/otrs) done
linux:~/bin$ exit
exit
linux:/opt/otrs/bin#

The command crontab -l -u otrs, which can be executed as root, shows you the crontab file of the OTRS user and you can check if all entries are right (see Script 3.19 below).

linux:/opt/otrs/bin# crontab -l -u otrs
# --
# cron/aaa_base - base crontab package
# Copyright (C) 2001-2011 OTRS AG, http://otrs.org/
# --
# This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
# --
# Who gets the cron emails?
MAILTO="root@localhost"

# --
# cron/cache - delete expired cache
# Copyright (C) 2001-2011 OTRS AG, http://otrs.org/
# This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
# --
# delete expired cache weekly (Sunday mornings)
20 0 * * 0  $HOME/bin/otrs.CacheDelete.pl --expired >> /dev/null
30 0 * * 0  $HOME/bin/otrs.LoaderCache.pl -o delete >> /dev/null

# --
# cron/fetchmail - fetchmail cron of the OTRS
# Copyright (C) 2001-2011 OTRS AG, http://otrs.org/
# --
# This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
# --
# fetch every 5 minutes emails via fetchmail
#*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/fetchmail -a >> /dev/null

# --
# cron/generic_agent - otrs.GenericAgent.pl cron of the OTRS
# Copyright (C) 2001-2011 OTRS AG, http://otrs.org/
# --
# --
# This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
# --
# start generic agent every 20 minutes
*/20 * * * * $HOME/bin/GenericAgent.pl >> /dev/null
# example to execute GenericAgent.pl on 23:00 with
# Kernel::Config::GenericAgentMove job file
#0 23 * * * $HOME/bin/otrs.GenericAgent.pl -c "Kernel::Config::GenericAgentMove" >> /dev/null
# --
# cron/generic_agent - GenericAgent.pl cron of the OTRS
# Copyright (C) 2001-2011 OTRS AG, http://otrs.org/
# --
# This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
# --
# start generic agent every 10 minutes
*/10 * * * * $HOME/bin/otrs.GenericAgent.pl -c db >> /dev/null
# --
# cron/pending_jobs - pending_jobs cron of the OTRS
# Copyright (C) 2001-2011 OTRS AG, http://otrs.org/
# --
# This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
# --
# check every 120 min the pending jobs
45 */2 * * * $HOME/bin/otrs.PendingJobs.pl >> /dev/null
# --
# cron/postmaster - postmaster cron of the OTRS
# Copyright (C) 2001-2011 OTRS AG, http://otrs.org/
# --
# This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
# --
# check daily the spool directory of OTRS
#10 0 * * * * test -e /etc/init.d/otrs & /etc/init.d/otrs cleanup >> /dev/null; test -e /etc/rc.d/init.d/otrs && /etc/rc.d/init.d/otrs cleanup >> /dev/null
10 0 * * * $HOME/bin/otrs.CleanUp.pl >> /dev/null
# --
# cron/postmaster_mailbox - postmaster_mailbox cron of the OTRS
# Copyright (C) 2001-2011 OTRS AG, http://otrs.org/
# --
# This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
# --
# fetch emails every 10 minutes
*/10 * * * * $HOME/bin/otrs.PostMasterMailbox.pl >> /dev/null
# --
# cron/rebuild_ticket_index - rebuild ticket index for OTRS
# Copyright (C) 2001-2011 OTRS AG, http://otrs.org/
# --
# This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
# --
# just every day
01 01 * * * $HOME/bin/otrs.RebuildTicketIndex.pl >> /dev/null

# --
# cron/session - delete old session ids of the OTRS
# Copyright (C) 2001-2011 OTRS AG, http://otrs.org/
# --
# This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
# --
# delete every 120 minutes old/idle session ids
55 */2 * * * $HOME/bin/otrs.DeleteSessionIDs.pl --expired >> /dev/null

# --
# cron/unlock - unlock old locked ticket of the OTRS
# Copyright (C) 2001-2011 OTRS AG, http://otrs.org/
# --
# This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
# --
# unlock every hour old locked tickets
35 * * * * $HOME/bin/otrs.UnlockTickets.pl --timeout >> /dev/null

linux:/opt/otrs/bin#